Cellular Responses to Postsegregational Killing by Restriction-Modification Genes
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Stability of EcoRI restriction-modification enzymes in vivo differentiates the EcoRI restriction-modification system from other postsegregational cell killing systems.
Certain type II restriction modification gene systems can kill host cells when these gene systems are eliminated from the host cells. Such ability to cause postsegregational killing of host cells is the feature of bacterial addiction modules, each of which consists of toxin and antitoxin genes. With these addiction modules, the differential stability of toxin and antitoxin molecules in cells pl...
متن کاملInterplay between plasmid partition and postsegregational killing systems.
Active partition systems and postsegregational killing (PSK) systems are present together in naturally occurring low-copy-number plasmids. Theory suggests that PSK may act as the ultimate determinant of plasmid retention, whereas the partition system may minimize the growth penalty to the host, resulting in a near-ideal symbiosis when the systems combine. Here, we prove the validity of this pri...
متن کاملPostsegregational killing does not increase plasmid stability but acts to mediate the exclusion of competing plasmids.
Postsegregational killing (PSK) systems consist of a tightly linked toxin-antitoxin pair. Antitoxin must be continually produced to prevent the longer lived toxin from killing the cell. PSK systems on plasmids are widely believed to benefit the plasmid by ensuring its stable vertical inheritance. However, experimental tests of this "stability" hypothesis were not consistent with its predictions...
متن کاملREBASE—enzymes and genes for DNA restriction and modification
REBASE is a comprehensive database of information about restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases and related proteins involved in the biological process of restriction-modification. It contains fully referenced information about recognition and cleavage sites, isoschizomers, neoschizomers, commercial availability, methylation sensitivity, crystal and sequence data. Experimentally characteriz...
متن کاملTo be or not to be: regulation of restriction–modification systems and other toxin–antitoxin systems
One of the simplest classes of genes involved in programmed death is that containing the toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems of prokaryotes. These systems are composed of an intracellular toxin and an antitoxin that neutralizes its effect. These systems, now classified into five types, were initially discovered because some of them allow the stable maintenance of mobile genetic elements in a microbial...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Bacteriology
سال: 2000
ISSN: 0021-9193,1098-5530
DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.8.2218-2229.2000